How to see prevent and stop Job Psychological Harassment - Bullying and Mobbing at work
According to the “Third European Survey on Working Conditions in the European Union”, published by the International Labor Organization (ILO) in 2000, 9% of European workers have been victims of “mobbing” or bullying at work “(13 million).
In organizations it is easy to find work or rubbing off discussions among peers and / or top and bottom, but something different is when a person or group of persons exercising an extreme psychological violence, in a systematic way (at least once a week ) for a long time (more than six months), on another person in the workplace. In these cases we can talk about mobbing.
The term that is usually used in the international psychological literature (from English to mob: harass). In Castilian, the language used to call are: “Bullying at Work”, “psychological harassment at work, working psicoterror” or “psychological harassment at work.” Henceforth, we use the term psychological harassment at work.
Specialists agree that the psychological violence in the workplace is reaching epidemic levels. Malicious gossip, emptiness, humiliation … All part of this type of abuse. But also affects the male victims are usually the favorite women.
In some countries of the European Union is already a crime and has developed legislation.
The entry into force of the Law on Prevention of Occupational Hazards oblige all companies to identify and assess risks of psychosocial origin.
Address the problem of bullying at work must, at this time, start from the identification and risk assessment of psychosocial origin, to provide timely preventive action later.
What is psychological harassment at work?
It is a sophisticated form of persecution or harassment by an employee suffers psychological in their workplace. Sophistication that is given by the following notes:
Continuity over time is a slow process of attrition psicol or logical.
Pursuing the ultimate autoexclusi or not relinquish the job by the victim, after being up trapped and unusable.
It begins with a series of behaviors that seek to slander, insult, ridicule and led to the isolation of the victim group. With the maintenance over time of this situation is to destabilize and destroy a person psychologically, and it leaves the organization on a voluntary basis. This is its most damaging.
Psychological harassment at work is characterized as a practice that relies on the silence or complicity of the companions of the victim. Not imagine what could be the reasons that lead to these behaviors passive: they will also not be subjected to aggression, not to jeopardize his job, envy or resentment toward your partner, and so on.
Characteristics of the victim and the harasser
With regard to the personality of the victim and the harasser, there is no single pattern of behavior that determine their behavior.
From the literature reviewed so far, we can say that there are a number of personality characteristics that are present in most cases.
• With respect to the victims, most people who have been subjected to psychological harassment at work often have a high level of ethics, are honest, upright, self-initiative, highly professional and popular among their peers.
• With regard to harassing some of the qualities of personality that presents are: alteration of the sense of the moral norm, no sense of guilt, is aggressive, coward, liar, compulsive and has great capacity for improvisation, is fairly mediocre and often professionally have inferiority complex.
We can say that bullying is always an abuse of authority.
The person who is doing it to maintain its power and, for some reason, the victim is a “threat.” Leadership exercised bad work situation can turn any source of risk, so at some point we can all be affected, directly or indirectly by psychological harassment at work.
Forms of expression
The most difficult of psychological harassment at work is to detect when to start and why. In general, the victim begins to receive overlapping or open aggression, but does not realize the total living situation and often feel guilty. This hinders the ability to react to the person, the perception of the problem and agrees to a serious deterioration in his health.
In business we can find some warning signs that indicate the presence of the phenomenon, such as significant changes without preparing employees, individuals who are considered as a target or as the cause of all problems of organization, hierarchical alliances: the subordinate ally in organizing a harassment directed at any person; anarchy: it can be an instigator or as a
tactics of psychological harassment; …
All can start with some small act apparently banal (a malicious comment, a shrug or a hostile gaze), which becomes the first link in a vicious chain of humiliation, abuse and harassment, designed to destabilize the victim psychologically and achieving, finally, to abandon his post.
This situation is known today throughout the world as bullying or mobbing at work and in some countries, like Sweden or France, and constitutes a crime punishable by labor laws.
Forms of expression of this phenomenon are many and varied.
Below is the classification as factors, a set of specific bullying behaviors at work developed by Zapf, and Kulla Knörzer in 1996:
Classification of bullying behavior at work, as factors.
Attacks on victims with organizational measures:
• The upper limits to the possibilities of speaking.
• Changing the location of a person away from his companions.
• Prohibit colleagues to talk to a person.
• Forcing someone to perform tasks against their conscience.
• Judging the performance of a person so offensive.
• Challenging the decisions of one person.
• Do not assign tasks to one person.
• Assigning meaningless tasks.
• Assign one person to work well below their capabilities.
• Assign tasks degrading.
• Assign tasks with erroneous data (usually initials).
Attacks on the social relations of the victim:
• Restrict the ability of colleagues to talk to a person.
• Refusing to communicate with a person through gestures and glances.
• Refusing to communicate with a person through no direct communication with her.
• Not to speak to a person.
• Treat a person as if it existed.
Attacks on the private life of the victim:
• constantly criticize the privacy of a person.
• Dial-Terror conducted by the harasser.
• Make a person seem stupid.
• Provide that a person has psychological problems.
• mock a person’s disabilities.
• Imitate gestures, voices, … of a person.
• mock privacy of a person.
Physical violence:
• Offers sex, sexual violence.
• Threats of physical violence.
• Using less violence.
• Physical abuse.
Attacks on the attitudes of the victim:
• Attacks on the attitudes and political beliefs.
• Attacks on religious attitudes and beliefs
Mofas • the nationality of the victim.
Verbal aggression:
• Cries or insults.
• Critical to the ongoing work of the individual.
• verbal threats.
Rumors:
• Speak ill of the person on his back.
• Spreading rumors about the victim.
Consequences
The psychological and physical harassment at work on the affected people are devastating.
Are common from the psychological stress, anxiety and depression. As for physical ailments, the defenses down, are evils to which the victim was already predisposed as dermatological problems, cardiac, gastrointestinal or allergic.
Heinz Leymann, says that “the workplace is the only battlefield that is where people can kill each other without running the risk of being prosecuted.” This observation may seem exaggerated, is set to reveal the statistics: in Sweden from 10 to 15 percent of suicides are caused by situations of psychological harassment at work.
The continued repetition of such acts of psychological harassment at work on the target or victim, may be the source of a number of changes in health. Given the definition that O.M.S. makes health (physical, psychological and social, not merely - mind the absence of disease “), these negative consequences can occur at different levels to determine it.
Some of the changes that appear are:
AT psychophysical
• Effect diverse:
Heightened fear and continuous.
• Anxiety, steady state:
Feelings of threat.
• Generalization of anxiety:
Feelings of failure.
Impotence.
Frustration.
Undervaluation.
Apathy.
• emotional disorders.
• Cognitive Distortions:
Concentration.
Attention.
Memory.
• Replacement Behavior:
Addictions.
Avoidance behavior.
• Aggravation of previous problems:
Diseases.
Various disorders.
• psychosomatic disorders:
Multiple somatization.
Sleep disturbances.
Eating disorder.
• disorders of social behavior:
Susceptibility.
Hypersensitivity.
Isolation.
Avoidance.
Irritability.
Aggressiveness.
Maladjustment.
• severe:
Helplessness.
Severe depression.
Suicide.
In the employment context
• Bad weather and environment.
• Effect of the quantity and quality of work.
• Interference in the circuits of information and communication.
• Lowering of creativity and innovation.
• disregard for customer satisfaction.
• Increased absenteeism and sick leave.
• increase in the consultation to the Medical Service.
• Increasing the possibility of accidents:
By neglect.
Negligence.
For instant oversights.
Volunteers.
IN THE FAMILY
• Discomfort in family relationships.
• Aggressiveness and irritability.
• Loss of enthusiasm and interest in joint projects.
• Abandonment or shifting responsibilities and family commitments.
• medical and psychological disorders in other members of the family system.
• Effect of affection and sexual desire.
• marital separation.
SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY
• Loss of work force and population.
• Increased expenditure on sick leave economic and / or retirement and disability.
• Increase the budget and economic stress of healthcare resources.
• Increase in the general population of the negative attributes to the effects of work
Assessment
For the correct diagnosis of a situation of psychological harassment at work, we must not leave it alone to assess its impact and / or prevalence in the organization, but it requires a causal analysis of the situation, to ascertain the source of the problem East and the possible solutions to take.
To this end, we need to collect specific information on:
• Personal characteristics of the worker.
• social history of the person in his current position and previous positions or companies.
• Analysis and working conditions of their current position.
• Succession and frequency of the traumatic events of the problem.
• The physical, psychological, familial and social.
• Any other information that we consider of interest to clarify the problem.
• The use of questionnaires and fits the criteria (eg, Leymann and Inventor of Psychological Terrorization), we provide additional diagnostic criteria.
Prevention
Never before had now been received to work as a source of pathology. The tactics used in psychological harassment at work is to psychologically wear down an employee to opt to obtain. The victim will deteriorate psychologically and professional capacity to lose their self-esteem, then falls into depression, psychosomatic illness, insomnia, alcoholism and even suicide. Unlike the sexual harassment or physical violence, psychological harassment to practice at work are not footprints. Should explore ways to improve all conditions. Installing democracy in industrial relations and codes of ethics or political consensus, as is beginning to make major U.S. companies, since it has been shown to eventually produce more benefits.
Among the preventive measures recommended by experts, the following quote:
“Planning and designing social relations within the company
“Articular filing systems, reception and integration of the newly incorporated
»Perform a medical treatment aimed at symptoms
»Create an open door policy
»Create a company to overcome conflicts
“Seek within the company, going to the doctor or the health and safety committee
“Having a permanent facility to support work performed by professionals in psychology
“Conducting group therapy
“Change of Department and in extreme cases change company
From the Instituto Navarro de Salud Laboral understand that an interesting way of preventive control to be opened from the identification of psychosocial risks, the elimination of the possible and the rest of the assessment for the adoption of preventive measures.
In any human organization there may be a risk of occurrence of behaviors associated with bullying. An effective preventive policy, including the assessment of psychosocial risks at the same level as the risk of safety and hygiene. The management of prevention should be directed to improving the quality of working life, while ensuring and defending human dignity in the workplace.
In general, is to improve interpersonal relations of the company, based on these mutual respect and tolerance. In addition, it could be effective: provide channels for expressing complaints of violence, take measures to investigate its veracity, to assure employees that their complaints will be heard and analyzed, and the procedures to be applied in decision making will be fair.
Not the speculative work
Reading David Airey’s blog I came across an excellent article on speculative work, or the way that some companies have taken lately to recruit OUR job as designers are asking us to show the proposal and they decide whether or not you hire.
The example that puts the author is illuminating:
Imagine this scene:
Yesterday I went to the dentist for a routine review. After reviewing my teeth, the doctor insisted that I should do a preventive work in a tooth that could fall in a short time, to do otherwise. I replied that if it did and if I was satisfied with the result, then you pay. Obviously not accepted because it does not undertake work until you have paid. To which reacted by saying that he would go to another office to which I appreciated there.
This scene is totally out of the ordinary. When you go to the dentist will usually be paid by the professional service you offer at the moment. Still, every day the designers we have the same problem: we are required to work for free, we pay if the result is acceptable.
Unfortunately I have found several times in front of this picture, and due to lack of work, I have fallen. Obviously I have not won anything, you usually blatantly steal the design and do not give you or a weight.
And we got to find their backs to the wall because nearly all (if not all) companies has given them for that, and as We have many that fall, feeding this vicious cycle.
That’s why I have decided (although that will limit my opportunities to work in the near future) not to perform such work. There are other ways to prove you can do a good job as the portfolio, the recommendations of satisfied customers, and so on.
Eye contests often fall into this too.
Making an offer or proposal effective
Lately I’ve been trying to get more work so I visit pages available for this purpose. Here are two excellent post on these sites:
Web masters
Geek Code
In many of these sites is the system of recruitment through tenders, this may be a rather unpleasant task if we do not know what is favorable to exploit and which are not. That’s why I made the task of researching and writing this post with the hope that it serves to get the job as desired.
1. Be clear. Both understand that the project is to write the proposal. The future client needs to understand what it proposes.
2. It examines in depth the competition. These pages have the advantage that you know who the other bidders and see their offers. This serves to see the worse for it, but do not stay there, visit their profiles and websites for any errors or disadvantage that you can take in your favor.
3. Do not spend too much time “echándote flowers,” I am not saying do not do it, but I know soon.
4. Do not offer more than what is asked, what is important is to focus on what is needed now, when you are in direct contact with the client can offer you other products or services.
5. Emphasis on the needs of the project interésate for it. Sometimes the client is not sure what they want or need, using rhetorical questions can help answer itself. Believe me, this will be highly valued.
6. Try to come into direct contact with the person responsible for selection, enabling a conversation. You can reach this by asking questions about the project, you can give your address to use chat, or invite them to comment and criticize your proposal, and so on. This last point is super impotante thinks that if you walk into trust with the client you will have plenty more chances for you to hire you, you already know. I am tempted to put quotation marks to all the words but I will not, I hope you understand that this is the type of contact, do not tell you to your friend.
If you know these other tips or help you win a project, please contármelo.
Saving time, money and headaches in a project
It seems that it is law that we are designers with projects that seem very promising and they end up being a kick in yasabesdonde. I regret to inform you that it is our fault but we insist on echársela customer to the crisis and the Holy Trinity …
With these tips can prevent many inconveniences, loss of money and time and not look bad with our client.
1. You lead the process:
You are the professional in the area, the client comes to you so that you solve your problem, this is how you should see it. Back to the example of the Doctor, when you consulted the doctor for any disease diagnosed and you review your problem, then recommends a treatment to kill it. So you should see the design process, the customer has a problem (for example, with its corporate identity, etc.) help diagnose you (sometimes they are not sure what they need), and recommends a solution.
What is relevant here is that you see, then the result will be that your client is going to do well. Should not be confused here and think that you are the boss and you make the logo you want and the customer has to accept, no, always remember that the need is that we should cover it, not yours.
2. Clearly define the purpose of each project:
We must make the customer the following question: What do you expect to happen when the project is finished? It is important to help your answer is clear and in writing. Eventually avoid misunderstandings and last-minute changes.
3. Use a Design Brief:
I have already spoken in another post about the importance of the Brief, will help us to focus on the objective and understand the need of the customer.
4. Show your creative process:
To explain to the client (or better yet, pass it in writing) not only justifies the time you take, but also to understand why he can not make last minute changes.
5. Work Program:
Makes a schedule for each project, all the programs you need to perform work on a real-time, step by step. Share this book with your customer and know what to expect, plus subtly tell when it is too late to request a change or revision.
6. Manage the review process in advance:
Clarified in a written contract, the number of reviews to be undertaken. Explain to your client to be analyzed carefully before requesting a review, and you’re saving time and money to him, since you must pay extra for the other reviews.
Tell me this is more work for you or your client is going to scare with such paperwork, I swear it will not be the case, the Brief, the agenda and contracts are templates that you do once and then reused, the only you’ll need to customize it. You see you can finish the job in less time and with total customer satisfaction.
What should be in a user-focused web design
Recently I am interested on web usability issues, I noticed even in the high Usarte.org site.
Much as I like to investigate, he brought 10 requirements for a web design “usable” (or focused to improve the user experience)
1. To plan well before starting to design, to achieve the points that come after.
2. Clean and logical navigation.
3. Clarity in communication.
4. Content may well oriented visitor.
5. That there is no interference as a very flashy ads intrusive or windows, etc..
6. The place of contact should be located so that it is easier to find.
7. The text must be legible.
8. Anticipating the questions or questions of the user.
9. The style of design should be consistent with the theme, but should not hinder the usability of the site.
10. Access must be easy and fast. Avoid intros, there is nothing so boring as having to wait to complete an animation that is not giving me anything, most people leave the site without being in it, except my kids XD.
Organization of work for freelance design
There are many advantages of being freelance, but there are also some disadvantages. One of the bad things is that if you are not ordered, you will most likely not get very far. It is important to follow a set of guidelines that allow us to have our work organized. Post some tips that I think helps a lot. Source: Graphic Design Blog.
1. Perform a Data Base: We all know the importance of a good database for marketing. As an example we can see how much we charge a client in particular (remember that each client has its own specifications), if we go back to work with him. So you should put as much data as possible, I would say that these are the most important include:
Company, Contact name, phone, address, work performed, Date, Price, Remarks.
2. Control of work: These data are important for the accounts receivable must know how to make ends meet, etc.. Here’s an example:
Control-of-work-done
3. E-mail expert: It’s good to have an email only for work and another for personal matters of organization, not more.
4. Design Brief: Have a plan and made brief to save time. Here are two examples:
brief-to-design
Design Brief (in English)
5. In addition you must have an invoice and contract models. Here I will not expand, because the rules change according to country and type of work. You can see a sample contract here and a sample invoice here (in English).
6. Organize your tasks. For this there is plenty of programs like that comes with the suite of Office 2007 and Remember the milk that is online, among others.
I hope you serve something, and if you have any other recommendations made in the comments.
Ten common mistakes that should never commit a freelance - freelancer tips
I created this Decalogue of the 10 things that, from experience, not a freelancer to do if you want to be in the business. Some of these points I have committed myself some time and with great authority can talk about it. However, there are many others which, it seems unlikely parodies of design, I have found in stories and portfolios of colleagues and acquaintances who have terrified me to the bone. So that does not happen anymore (and I will not be the first to throw the stone).
The article has left me a little longer than I thought I was taking a little time choosing the right words to not offend sensibilities, so I have divided into two parts.
1. Offering half-products
If your client wants a website and you are the best in CSS, html, php, aspx and java, but you are unable or choose two colors harmonics, then do not pretend that the client will pass the design. Also pretend that you can design it because then there are problems, for example:
2. Use templates and designs to copy
I am a graphic of recycling and what can be said about the functional design, everything is created. But one thing is to look at references and a suit seeking harmony and identity and something else to pick a template, put text and change the logo. Really disgusting. The worst thing is that customers believe that as Template Monster designs are cute, your site is wonderful and also cost them less.
Since I do not want to cause controversy or to earn enemies among my colleagues, I put a web designer for a Spanish cave that was in the era of the counters with leds.
3. Having a portfolio outdated, broken links and projects with poor
Unfortunately this is a common factor of many colleagues. Also spends a lot of teachers who, for the dedication you bring to teaching and developing courses, sidelined his career and thus show their portfolios of work for ten years.
This, however, is justifiable, because in the end, his true vocation is teaching, and after 5 years of dictating, I learned that one thing is being a good professional and another is being a good teacher. You can achieve both, but it’s hard.
What makes no sense is to pretend to be in the market having a portfolio that is more than just digital garbage. Frankly I am ashamed when an inexperienced graduate portfolio as their places of work early cycles, or worse, when a company is sold as “innovative” and “shocking” has broken links or pages parking.
For example:
The column said that “final draft” of 11 links, 5 are broken. The 6 remaining sites have serious errors of development, aesthetics and functionality. MagiaVirtual’s friends should make an effort to provide its customers with a higher quality to match what they offer.
4. Without advance
Unfortunately I must say that this has been my downfall on more than one occasion. And always was over-confident. Whenever a listed project must clearly indicate that to start work must receive 50% in advance and the rest to finish. And this is not fancy but for several reasons:
- If the customer does not pay no pressure to finish the job, therefore, it may take months to complete the project and receive your money.
- You can not invest in another project. Your hours of work costs, outsourcing costs, the depreciation of your equipment and your talent will also cost money. To use this capital is needed, as well as to start a business sánguches chicken need to buy and pay, bread and chicken.
- Upon completion of the project, nothing ensures that the customer is going to be decent and do not want to go live. When you play this type of customer, you will most likely not pay 50% final, but at least cover your costs and a more pointed to your blacklist.
- Do not ask for advance shows that you’re desperate and have no experience. Also, if I am a customer and have not paid, I can not complain if I have no news of my work.
In conclusion, if you want to play well is the designer favors to make your brothers and uncles, but if you take this as a business and to pay accounts, then you think that you live only on your progress. Otherwise you go to know when it billed.
5. Make castings
When a player goes to a hearing in front of a camera and the head of casting gives a script to memorize lines and interpret the role of a better way, which the director then see if you like it or not and at the end hired him. The same number of customers wishing to disoriented when looking for a freelance designer. On more than one occasion I have to have to put a stupid smile when a customer calls you an idiot make a tests to see if you like what we do because, in his words, you can not burn pagándonos advance if at the end we can not fulfill.
Also very common is when the client intends to appear to be very friendly and he asks you to do one project at a super price, or to test, because he has many companies and “we’ll always have Chamba. He wants you to get cheap brass couplings with him, and later asks for other projects, logically the same price. This not only makes you waste time and money working for him but you devalues against their contacts. Then everyone will call to ask the same price.
The more diplomatic you can do in this case is not to argue or try to argue that they’re able to see your portfolio and not explain or give examples of other businesses simply because the customer does not value your job and deserves to spend your time. The only thing you can do is go out and remember where you entered your madrecita.6. Deliver your files editable
Especially if you are a developer / Flash animator. No need to be very smart to know that the only right thing to do modifications and adaptations to your finished projects you. Unless the contract specifically provides otherwise, your edited file, your original, just yours. Nobody else can put your hand and this is not by whim but the reasons are:
- If the project is published and you have no control over its entirety, just that someone change something to let der be an item in your portfolio. There is no guarantee that will not become the Frankenstein of the client / designer frustrated.
- If the customer requires changes in the project is probably a sign that your business is growing or you need to redirect your marketing campaign. Are you a professional who is able to steer this new course, and charge for it, is you.
- Delivery to the customer is to reveal your original files the way you work. And your knowhow is very valuable because it involves all the experience and skills learned and developed in your career. If you want to maintain your insurance never drop your modus operandi editable.
7. Mandar destroy your client problem
HM35 ~ YOU-GO-TO-HELL-Posters Ever, importantly, never let a customer becomes problematic. This is something that should nip in the bud. When you have a little more experience you will begin to detect from the start, the first session, if your client is for those who prefer to attend the competition. And there are so punk, atorrante, selfish and conceited that it is difficult to find the perfect client. Sometimes it happens, but the fact is that the majority always wants his finished product in the shortest time possible and paying as little as you can. As usually does not understand web design or think that, being an intangible, you are “stealing” and every change you request, and redesign the logo is 300 times, I expected to do because you are satisfied 100%.
If you had the misfortune of accepting a client’s project that fucks over Venezuelan President, are already boarded and the advancement bill, the only thing you can swallow your pride, reviewing and sending everything on time, to avoid complaints their side and hoped that the project will end soon. If the client is happy, you probably want to keep you as a supplier or get referrals like him, but if you do not meet and bitter, the results can be catastrophic and the only one to pay the consequences is your reputation.
8. Being late to a meeting, in shorts, sandals and
The image of the flamboyant designer pastrulo and is only popular among designers and quirky pastrulos. When a client seeks a supplier, hoping to find someone decent, at least in appearance. If you want to hit with a unique look different, you can choose to buy expensive clothes and quality that not everyone has to give a good first impression and your future customer begins to understand that he has some class and good taste.
Many times I ran into fellow so full of themselves, with winds of divos for having won a prize or to work in a top agency that they forget that the customer cares that common a pickle. Nor are interested if the traffic was hell or another client if you did take. If you arrive late, you lose valuable time to your client. And if your client is understandable Care, because we also need to lose your time with him many times.
You should also keep your private life away from your customers. If your religion requires you to drink wildly every weekend, do not schedule meetings on Mondays. Avoid smoking before the reunion, córtate wash teeth and nails.
Remember that there will always be someone more sympathetic to you and be more responsible. Your task is to make that number of people is as small as possible and that your client will never get to know.
9. Write to your client at midnight
You are not a pharmacy or fire station. You can not let your client wait to send material to 11pm. The schedule is a freelance a little more flexible than that of an employee but that does not mean you are going to be a slave. And this is not by pure whim of wanting sacred nights and weekends, when they will work harder, but you should not get used to your client to expect out of hours deliveries. Unless you’ve committed to a reasonable hour and not come close at 6pm or Skype please invisible until 8am on Monday.
Be available 24 / 7 is a big mistake that is often confused with effectiveness but that attacks precisely this point, it is humanly impossible to work 20 hours straight and keep your customers happy at all at this rate.
It is best to organize. Buy an acrylic board and divide into 6. Put there everything you need to do from Monday to Saturday and every time you commit to a deadline, watch and see if it somewhere.
10. Saying yes to everything
This rebuff yesman1_large of emotion may be the cause of item number 1 on the list, “a half products offer.” If you come across a client who needs a wide range of solutions and think you can deal with ATL, BTL, graphic design, multimedia, merchandising, public relations and post-production, you think you’ve found a gold mine.
It is very difficult for a freelancer is a one stop shop, especially if you are just entering the market. Outsourcing is a major lever to achieve this but you should have on hand lots of people very confident that you understand and be effective.
Zapatero your shoes saying goes and this applies almost perfect. If you do not know do not offer advertising campaigns. If designing for print media do not offer a web … when they start. Experience and hard work will teach you what your own limits. Then, gradually, you can learn new disciplines and your customers can count on you for other projects of the jump until you become big agency.
I really enjoyed putting together this list, I have come across these ten mistakes often last month, I have seen almost daily by my students, colleagues and myself one of them. Errors are very close to our careers, often committed by inexperienced or foolish. I as a teacher I feel compelled to something like trying to steer with my experience, those who want to succeed in this market.
And finally the truth is that learning is binary, you will learn when something goes wrong, but you learn better when they get up.